Objective: Phonological awareness is a meta-linguistic skill and it means as awareness of the word's phonological structure. As word's phonological structure is divided to three levels as phonemic, syllabic, and intra syllabic levels; the phonological awareness is also three leveled. This skill develops and progresses during the childhood and it has specific developmental stages. Phonological awareness has an effect on reading and writing abilities seriously and it can predict dyslexia the very good. Conclusion: This skill is related to reading, writing and to speech and language processing systems. Both teaching and learning to read and write are facilitated and accelerated by using phonological awareness programs alongside the other educational methods. Eventually, it is important to be familiar with phonological awareness testing and its educational utilization.