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The effectiveness of Johnston's and Ramon's perceptual movement exercises and movement activity based on video modeling on motor development and executive functioning of children with learning disorder
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Zeinab Dianati1   , Fatemeh Rezaei *1 , Homa Rafiee milajerdy2 |
1- semnan university & semnan university
2- tehran university & tehran university |
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Abstract: (55 Views) |
| Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Johnston and Ramon's perceptual-motor exercises and video-based motor activity on motor development and executive function in children with learning disabilities. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Its statistical population included all 7-10 year-old students with learning disabilities in Tehran, 30 of whom were selected conveniently, and then randomly divided into three groups of 10. The Gross Motor Skills Test - Second Edition, Brief Executive Functions Questionnaire, and Wisconsin Test were used to collect the required data. The first intervention group performed Johnston and Ramon's perceptual-motor exercises, and the second intervention group performed video-based physical activity three sessions per week for two months, while the control group did not receive any intervention and continued with their daily activities. The data were evaluated using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: Data analysis revealed that Johnston and Ramon's perceptual-motor exercises had a significant effect on motor development, including movement skills (F=7.96, P<0.002, η²=0.37) and object control skills (F=4.37, P<0.02, η²=0.24), and executive function, including behavior regulation skills (F=6.07, P<0.007, η²=0.31), metacognitive skills (F=6.84, P<0.004, η²=0.33), and perseveration errors (F=8.05, P<0.002, η²=0.37). However, there was no significant difference between Johnston and Ramon's perceptual-motor exercises and video-modeled motor exercises on motor development and executive function, except in the movement skills component, where the Johnston and Ramon group performed better (P=0.004). Conclusion: Though both methods were effective, the Johnston and Ramon method was superior in the displacement component, so their integration can provide more comprehensive coverage. Therefore, it is suggested that both the Johnston and Ramon's perceptual-motor exercises and video-modeled motor activity be used to increase the participation and productivity of students with learning disabilities. |
Article number: 10 |
| Keywords: Learning Disabilities, Psychomotor Performance, Metacognition, Motor Skills, Observational Learning, Executive Function, Educational Technology |
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Full-Text [PDF 547 kb]
(62 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/18 | Accepted: 2026/02/18 | Published: 2026/03/16
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