Objective:This article is a review of research regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and nutrition factors including essential fatty acids, micronutrients, refined sugars and food additives. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopous, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar Results: Nutritional factors such as food additives, refined sugars, fatty acids and micronutrients have all been correlated to ADHD. Recent trials with food additives suggest their removal from the diet may benefit susceptible children with hyperactivity disorders. Conclusions: More suitable research such as longitudinal studies and the use of placebos within randomized controlled trials are needed. In general, diet modification plays a major role in the management of ADHD and should be considered as part of the treatment.