1 1682-6612 Exceptional Children Research Institute 505 Special Adaptation and Standardization of the Test of TOLD-P: 3 for Farsi - Speaking Children of Tehran Hasanzadeh Saeid b Minaei Asghar c b Institute for Exceptional Children c Institute for Exceptional Children 1 2 2002 1 2 119 134 21 01 2002 21 01 2002 This research has been carried out with the aim of adaptation, standardization and finding the validity and reliability of TOLD-P:3 for Farsi- speaking children. A multi- stage sampling from the Farsi- speaking children of the city of Tehran resulted in a sample of 1235 subjects (625 boys and 609 girls) ages 4, 0 through 8,11. The test consisted of 9 subtests (6 core subtests and 3 supplemental ones). Moreover; by combining the scores of the core subtests, 6 compound scores were obtained. For adaptation and standardization of this test, at first step the examiner's manual and the test items were translated into Farsi; then in accordance with the syntactic, semantic and phonological features of Farsi and considering the theoretical bases of the test, most of its items were revised or changed. The final form of the test was obtained after performing the pre- tryout and tryout stages, and doing the data analysis by the classic model of reliability. Internal consistency coefficients of the subtests were obtained by Cronbach's Alpha; time consistency of the subtests and the compound scores were obtained by test- retest. Alpha coefficients for the compound scores were obtained by Guilford formula which is designed for estimating the compound scores. To obtain the content validity, criterion -related validity and construct validity of the subtests and compound scores, appropriate methods were used. The results obtained ensure the applicability of this test for the evaluation of language skills of Farsi - speaking children of Tehran.
506 Special A Comparative Study on Concept Formation in Deaf and Hearing Children in Tabriz Hashemi Touraj d Alipour Ahmad e d University of Tabriz e Payame Nour University 1 2 2002 1 2 135 150 21 01 2002 21 01 2002 This article brings forth the report of a developmental cross- sectional comparative study on concept formation, in two groups of deaf and hearing children. Either group consisted of 60 children (30 boys, 30 girls) in age-groups of 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15; one of the groups consisting of deaf students from the special schools of Tabriz, and the other consisting of hearing students. Vygotsky test of Kazanin- Halfman was administered in both groups. The results analyzed statistically, were indicative of the lower ability of deaf children in concept formation, which might be attributed to their hearing impairment and verbal deficit. Meanwhile; the results showed that, age has a fundamental effect on concept formation. Besides; there was no significant difference between the sexes in either group 507 Special The Effect of Instructing Self Regulation Strategy on the Reduction of Aggressive Behaviors in Children Mousavi Hakime Sadat Mohammad Esmaeil Elahe g g Institute for Exceptional Children 1 2 2002 1 2 151 170 21 01 2002 21 01 2002 This research was aimed at studying the effect of instructions in self-regulating strategy (verbal self- instruction) on reducing the aggressive behaviors in children. The study was carried out on three students diagnosed as aggressive. The target behaviors were screaming, ignoring instruction, putting blame on others bullying, and beating. The results showed that verbal self-instruction results in a decrease in aggressive behaviors. Self - regulation strategy is one of the behavioral - cognitive techniques, the instruction of which will make the child know about the processes of problem - solving, about how to analyze the events, and select strategies for finding the solutions and steps towards reaching the goals 508 Special The Effect of Instructing Cognitive - Meta cognitive Strategies (Self- Instruction) on Math Problem - Solving Performance of the Mentally Retarded Students Beshavard Simin Shokouhiyekta Mohsen i Hejazi Elahe j Behpajooh Ahmad k i Tehran University j Tehran University k Tehran University 1 2 2002 1 2 171 186 21 01 2002 21 01 2002 In this research the effect of instructing cognitive- metacognitive strategies, on the performance of the educable mentally retarded students in math problem- solving has been studied. Forty mentally retarded students (of both sexes) of two intact classes; on as experimental and the other as control group, from the first- grade of the skill- learning schools (Comprehensive Scheme) in Shiraz, made up the whole sample. A researcher- made math problem- solving test was used as a measure for the performance of either group in two pre and post- tests. After administering the pre- test, the experimental group, received a 21- hour instruction in one of the cognitive-metacognitive strategies, i.e. self- instruction. Two post- tests, one immediately and the other two weeks after instruction, were administered on both groups to determine the effect of the instructions. The results were indicative of both an instant and continuant improvement in math problem-solving performance of the experimental group; but no difference in the performance of the two sex groups were evidenced. 509 Special A Comparative Study on the Mental Health of the Parents of Trainable Mentally Retarded and Healthy 7 to I9 Year - Old Children Mehrabizade Honarmand Mahanz l Najjarian Bahamn m Masoudi Mitra l Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz m Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 1 2 2002 1 2 187 200 21 01 2002 21 01 2002 This article, based on a comparative study, deals with the question of mental health of the parents of mentally retarded children. In this study the mental health of the parents of the educable mentally retarded children were compared to that of the non- retarded children. The subjects sampled randomly consisted of 280 parents (mother and fathers equally), of whom 140 had educable mentally retarded children and 140 had non- retarded children in the primary schools of Abadan. The information needed, was obtained using a 90- question- scale questionnaire (SCL 90- R), the validity and reliability of which were compatible with that of the original scale. The research design a causal- comparative one. The results show a significant difference between the mental healths of the two groups of parents. Moreover; according to this research, the negative effects of having a mentally retarded child is more obvious in mothers than fathers.