Journal of Exceptional Children
فصلنامه كودكان استثنايي
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سازوکار تأثیرگذاری توانایی زبانی بر مشکلات رفتاری کودکان با کاشت حلزون: نقش واسطهای گفتار خصوصی و خودتنظیمی
Mechanism of Effect of Language Development on Behavioral Problems in Cochlear Implant Users: The Mediating Role of Private Speech and Self-Regulation
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">هدف</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی پیشبینی مشکلات رفتاری کودکان با کاشت حلزون، بر اساس رشد زبان با نقش واسطهای گفتار خصوصی و خودتنظیمی است. <strong>روش:</strong> در این مطالعه همبستگی، 114 کودک کاشت حلزون شده با دامنه سنی 3 تا 7 سال که حداقل یک سال از جراحی کاشت حلزون آنها گذشته است، با روش نمونه </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در دسترس</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> انتخاب شدند. آزمون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توانایی زبان</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، مقیاس گفتار خصوصی، مشاهده ساختارمند خودتنظیمی بر کودکان و پرسشنامه مشکلات رفتاری کودکان پیشدبستانی بر مادران آنها اجرا شد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد.</span></span> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یافتهها:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که رشد زبان (</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">60</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) 36/0 واریانس گفتار خصوصی را پیشبین</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ی</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> میکند. همچنین </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توانایی </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زبان (45/0-=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) و گفتار خصوصی (28/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) توانایی پیش بینی 43/0 از پراکندگی خودتنظیمی را دارند و رشد زبان (</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">23</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">/0-=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، با میانجیگری گفتار خصوصی (33/0-=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) و خودتنظیمی رفتاری (29/0-=</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، 01/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) 53 درصد واریانس مشکلات رفتاری را تبیین میکنند. <strong>نتیجهگیری:</strong> یافتهها حاکی از پیشبینی مشکلات رفتاری کودکان کاشت حلزون شده، بر اساس </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توانایی </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زبان و با نقش واسطهای گفتار خصوصی و خودتنظیمی رفتاری است که میتوانند در راستای کاهش مشکلات رفتاری در برنامههای پیشگیری و توانبخشی مورد توجه قرار گیرند. </span></span>
<p><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Objective</span></span></span><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> The main purpose of this study </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">was</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> to predict </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">the </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">behavior</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">al</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> problems</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> of cochlear implant users by their </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">language </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> and secure attachment based on</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> the mediating </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">role of self-regulation</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Method:</span></span></span> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">In this correlation</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">al</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> study</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">,</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> 114 </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">cochlear implant users </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">in the age range of 3-7 years</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> for whom </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">at least one year </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">had</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> passed </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">since the implant surgery </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">were selected </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">via convenience sampling</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">A test </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">of language </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> and </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">the </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Structured Observation of Behavioral Regulation were administered on children, and their mothers responded to </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">the </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Private Speech Scale and Preschool Children Behavioral</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> problems questionnaire</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. Path analysis was employed in order to analyze the data. </span></span></span></span><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Results:</span></span></span> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The results showed that language </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> (b=0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">60, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">01) </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">predicted 36% of the </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">variance of private speech. Also, language </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> (b=0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">45, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">01) and private speech (b=0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">28, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">01) </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">predicted </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">52</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">% </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">of self-regulation. Finally, language </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> (b=-0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">23, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">01) with the mediating role of private speech (b=-0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">33, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0/01) and self-regulation (b=-0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">29, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><0</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">01) </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">predicted 4</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">3</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">% of the </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">variance of behavior</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">al</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> problem</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">s</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. </span></span></span></span><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Conclusion:</span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> B</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ehavior</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">al</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> problems can be predicted by </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">l</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">anguage </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ability</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">, with the mediating role of private speech and self-regulation, in </span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">cochlear implant users</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. This result can apply in prediction and rehabilitation programs for reducing behavior</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">al</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> problem</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">s in the target group</span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. </span></span></span></span> <br>
</p>
توانایی زبان, گفتار خصوصی, خودتنظیمی, مشکلات رفتاری, کاشت حلزون
Language ability, private speech, self-regulation, behavioral problems, cochlear implant
15
26
http://joec.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-278-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Kourosh
Amraei
کورش
امرائی
kourosh.amrai@yahoo.com
10031947532846009838
10031947532846009838
No
Lorestan University
دانشگاه لرستان
Saeed
Hasanzadeh
سعید
حسن زاده
shasanz@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846009839
10031947532846009839
Yes
University of tehran
دانشگاه تهران
Mohammadparsa
Azizi
محمدپارسا
عزیزی
parsaazizi111@gmail.com
10031947532846009840
10031947532846009840
No
Islamic Azad University
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات