fa تأثیر توانبخشی شناختی بر ادراک دیداری حرکتی و حافظه کاری کودکان با تأخیر تحولی تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف:</span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثربخشی توانبخشی شناختی بر ادراک دیداری حرکتی و حافظه کاری کودکان با تأخیر تحولی بود. </span></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش:</span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طرح پژوهشی نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&ndash;</span></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش شامل</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تمامی کودکان 4 تا 6 ساله با تأخیر</span></span><b> </b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحولی بود که در مهد‌کودک‌ها و مراکز پیش‌دبستانی شهر تهران در نیمه دوم سال 1400 </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ثبت‌نام کرده بودند. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حجم</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نمونه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شامل 30 نفر (15</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نفر گروه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمایش</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">15</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نفر گروه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کنترل</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جامعه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آماری</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شیوه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نمونه‌گیری در‌دسترس </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و با استفاده از آزمون دنور-2 </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در دو</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گروه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کنترل </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمایش</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جایدهی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شدند</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. در آغاز آزمون تحول ادراک بینایی فراستیک</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و آزمون </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حافظه کاری </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ان‌بک </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به‌عنوان پیش‌آزمون</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گرفته شد و در ادامه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای گروه آزمایشی، مداخله توانبخشی شناختی اجرا شد در‌حالی‌که گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داده‌ها با</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آزمون</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیل</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کو</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">واریانس </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تک‌متغیره</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و چند‌متغیره تحلیل شد</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span><b><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> یافته‌ها:</span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج نشان داد که مداخله توانبخشی شناختی بر </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤلفه‌های هماهنگی چشم و دست (001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 567/54</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، تمایز شکل از زمینه (001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 528/98</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، ثبات شکل (001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 418/35</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، وضعیت در فضا (001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 701/344</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، روابط فضایی (001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 722/100</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و حافظه کاری </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(001/0</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P<</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">907/125</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">F =</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تأثیر معنادار داشته است</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.<b> نتیجه‌گیری:</b> </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">براساس نتایج پژوهش، مشاوران و روانشناسان می‌توانند برای بهبود ادراک دیداری حرکتی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و حافظه کاری کودکان 4-6 سال با تأخیر تحولی از این مداخله استفاده کنند</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%">Objective: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%">The purpose of this study was <span style="color:black">to investigate </span>the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on the visual-motor perception and working memory of children with developmental delays. <b>Method</b>: The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population included all 4-6 year old children with developmental delays studying in Tehran kindergartens and preschool centers in 2021. The sample size consisted of 30 children (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) from the statistical population, <span style="color:black">who were</span> selected by the available sampling method and DENVER-II <span style="color:black">test</span>. First, <span style="color:black">Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception </span>and N-Back working memory tests were taken as pre-tests. Then for the experimental group, cognitive rehabilitation intervention was performed while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA. <b>Results: </b>The cognitive rehabilitation intervention had a significant effect on the components of hand-eye coordination (P<0.001, F =54.567), figure differentiation from background (P<0.001, F = 98.528), shape stability (P<0.001, F =35.418), situation in space (P<0.001, F =344.701), spatial relations (P<0.001, F =100.722) and working memory (P<0.001, F =125.907). <b>Conclusion</b>: According to the results of this study, counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve visual-motor perception and working memory in 4-6 year old children with developmental delay.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:92%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span> توانبخشی شناختی, ادراک دیداری حرکتی, حافظه کاری, تأخیر تحولی, کودکان Cognitive rehabilitation, Visual-motor perception, Working memory, Children with developmental delays. 45 56 http://joec.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1917-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Soheyla khanjari سهیلا خنجری S.khanjari20@gmail.com 100319475328460014941 100319475328460014941 Yes Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Branch, Tehran, Iran. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران. Hamid ebrahimpour kashani حمید ابراهیم پور کاشانی Hamid.ek1993@gmail.com 100319475328460014942 100319475328460014942 No Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Branch, Tehran, Iran. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران. Mahsa khanjari مهسا خنجری Mahsa.kh.slts@gmail.com 100319475328460014943 100319475328460014943 No Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Branch, Tehran, Iran. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.